RESUMO
A cirurgia plástica gengival tem sido cada vez mais procurada por pacientes que se apresentam descontentes com o seu sorriso. O procedimento convencional realizado é feito através de uma elevação de retalho para exposição de tecido ósseo e subsequente a osteotomia ou osteoplastia, o qual leva a necessidade de suturas e uma recuperação mais demorada. Com o avanço da tecnologia, a técnica cirurgia Flapless, conhecida como minimamente invasiva e indolor, onde trás uma recuperação mais favorável e com resultados satisfatórios. Tem como principal indicação para pacientes com biotipo periodontal fino e intermediário, o planejamento cirúrgico deve ser feito com exames complementares, como a tomografia, para poder ser calculado a quantidade de tecido ósseo a ser removido. Após a excisão do tecido gengival sem abertura de retalho, a osteotomia/osteoplastia é feito via sulco gengival com a utilização do ultrassom piezoelétrico. Evidencias clínicas e científicas mostram que a técnica Flapless possui resultados satisfatórios em um menor espaço de tempo, sem necessidade de suturas e melhor pós-operatório.
Gingival plastic surgery has been increasingly sought after by patients who are dissatisfied with their smile. The conventional procedure performed is done through a flap elevation to expose bone tissue and subsequent osteotomy or osteoplasty, which leads to the need for sutures and a longer recovery. With the advancement of technology, the Flapless surgery technique, known as minimally invasive and painless, brings a more favorable recovery and satisfactory results. Its main indication for patients with thin and intermediate periodontal biotype, surgical planning should be done with complementary exams, such as tomography, in order to calculate the amount of bone tissue to be removed. After excision of the gingival tissue without opening a flap, the osteotomy/osteoplasty is performed via the gingival sulcus using piezoelectric ultrasound. Clinical and scientific evidence shows that the Flapless technique has satisfactory results in a shorter period of time, without the need for sutures and better postoperative period.
La cirugía plástica gingival ha sido cada vez más solicitada por pacientes que no están satisfechos con su sonrisa. El procedimiento convencional que se realiza se realiza mediante una elevación del colgajo para exponer el tejido óseo y posterior osteotomía u osteoplastia, lo que conlleva la necesidad de suturas y una recuperación más prolongada. Con el avance de la tecnología, la técnica de cirugía Flapless, conocida como mínimamente invasiva e indolora, trae una recuperación más favorable y resultados satisfactorios. Su principal indicación para pacientes con biotipo periodontal delgado e intermedio, la planificación quirúrgica debe hacerse con exámenes complementarios, como la tomografía, para calcular la cantidad de tejido óseo a remover. Después de la escisión del tejido gingival sin abrir un colgajo, la osteotomía/osteoplastia se realiza a través del surco gingival mediante ultrasonido piezoeléctrico. La evidencia clínica y científica demuestra que la técnica Flapless tiene resultados satisfactorios en menor tiempo, sin necesidad de suturas y con mejor postoperatorio.
RESUMO
Introduction: The adipose tissue is an important reservoir of adult stem cells which have capacity of differentiating in osteoblasts with potential implication in reaching bone regeneration. The evaluation of the osteoblastic differentiation can be verified through immunohistochemical markers such as bone morphogenetic protein- 2 (BMP-2). Objective: To evaluate the immunoexpression of BMP-2 protein on the bone repairing of critical size defects (CSD) surgically created in rat calvaria and treated by autogenous macerated adipose tissue. Material and methods: Forty male rats had a CSD measuring 5 mm created on their calvaria. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: group C (control) and group AT (macerated adipose tissue grafting). In group C, the defect was filled with only blood clot. In group AT, the defect was filled with autogenous macerated adipose tissue. The groups were subdivided into two subgroups (n = 10) for euthanasia at 7 and 90 post-operative days. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics (mode). Results: In group AT, both at 7 and 90 post-operative days, the main healing type was the presence of dense conjunctive tissue exhibiting bundles of collagen fibers disposed in beams permeating the remaining adipose tissue with rare heterotopic bone formation associated to fibrosis and different types of tissue necrosis. In group C, the repair was achieved by the formation of bundles of collagen fibers oriented parallelly to the surface of the wound at the two post-surgical periods. The immune-staining of BMP-2 was present only in group C (7 and 90 post-operative days). Conclusion: Within the limits of this present study, it can be concluded that the adipose tissue grafting did not favor bone neoformation in critical size defects and BMP-2 signaling was not observed.